To find the game logs, find your game instance folder ".minecraft", in that there are two folders: "logs" and "crash-reports" You'll find the requested log/crash report files in those folders.
Official Minecraft Launcher
Click on "Instances" Click on directory icon you have it!
CurseForge Launcher
Right click on the modpack Click "Open Folder" you have it
MultiMC or PrismLauncher
Select your instance Click "Minecraft Folder" (or "Folder" in prismlauncher) If you see one directory called ".minecraft", enter it you have it!
ATLauncher
On your instance there is a button "Open Folder", just click on that
GDLauncher
Right click on your instance Click "Open Folder" you have it!